在瀝青路面的長期使用過程中，由于受到天氣變化、水分滲透、車輛荷載等多種因素的共同作用，路面往往會出現(xiàn)多種病害。針對這些病害問題，采用冷再生機(jī)械設(shè)備可以在常溫條件下對瀝青路面進(jìn)行破碎和銑刨處理。處理完畢后，通過向破碎后的瀝青材料中添加再生材料并進(jìn)行拌和、攤鋪和碾壓等工序，可以制備出新的路面基層或面層。在工程實踐中，可以根據(jù)具體需求調(diào)整新面層或基層的性能參數(shù)。與傳統(tǒng)路面維修技術(shù)相比，就地冷再生技術(shù)無需大量消耗瀝青、砂石等基礎(chǔ)材料，大部分原料可從原工程道路中回收利用，從而實現(xiàn)了材料的循環(huán)再利用，顯著降低了施工活動對周邊環(huán)境的負(fù)面影響，因此該技術(shù)具有顯著的應(yīng)用前景。

　　During the long-term use of asphalt pavement, various diseases often occur due to the combined effects of weather changes, moisture infiltration, vehicle loads, and other factors. In response to these disease issues, cold recycling mechanical equipment can be used to crush and mill asphalt pavement at room temperature. After processing, a new pavement base or surface layer can be prepared by adding recycled materials to the crushed asphalt material and carrying out processes such as mixing, paving, and rolling. In engineering practice, the performance parameters of the new surface layer or base layer can be adjusted according to specific needs. Compared with traditional road maintenance techniques, on-site cold recycling technology does not require a large amount of basic materials such as asphalt and sand, and most of the raw materials can be recycled from the original engineering road, thus achieving material recycling and significantly reducing the negative impact of construction activities on the surrounding environment. Therefore, this technology has significant application prospects.

　　近年來，我國城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程顯著加快，伴隨而來的是一些農(nóng)村地區(qū)早期建設(shè)的瀝青路面道路逐漸暴露出多種病害問題，迫切需要采取有效措施進(jìn)行修復(fù)?；诖吮尘?，本文對農(nóng)村公路工程中就地冷再生技術(shù)的應(yīng)用流程及其質(zhì)量控制策略進(jìn)行分析，旨在為同類工程實踐提供參考。

　　In recent years, China's urbanization process has significantly accelerated, accompanied by the gradual exposure of various disease problems on asphalt pavement roads built in some rural areas in the early stages, which urgently require effective measures for repair. Based on this background, this article analyzes the application process and quality control strategy of on-site cold recycling technology in rural road engineering, aiming to provide reference for similar engineering practices.

　　1工程概況

　　1. Project Overview

　　某地區(qū)兩鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)間建設(shè)有一條設(shè)計等級為三級的農(nóng)村公路，公路全長共計10.5km，所在區(qū)域為平原微丘區(qū)域，道路設(shè)置目的主要在于方便鄉(xiāng)村居民運輸、經(jīng)濟(jì)作物和農(nóng)作物，道路除主體結(jié)構(gòu)外還設(shè)置有小橋、板涵、管涵等。公路工程前期設(shè)計主要結(jié)構(gòu)包含瀝青混凝土、水泥穩(wěn)定碎石、12%和10%石灰穩(wěn)定土，厚度分別為6、16、16、16cm，部分特殊路段所在區(qū)域相對復(fù)雜。

　　There is a rural road with a design grade of Grade III built between two townships in a certain area. The total length of the road is 10.5km, located in a plain and hilly area. The purpose of the road is mainly to facilitate the transportation and trading of economic crops and crops for rural residents. In addition to the main structure, the road is also equipped with small bridges, slab culverts, pipe culverts, etc. The preliminary design of highway engineering mainly includes asphalt concrete, cement stabilized crushed stone, 12% and 10% lime stabilized soil, with thicknesses of 6, 16, 16, and 16cm respectively. Some special sections are located in relatively complex areas.

　　案例工程所在區(qū)域地勢平坦，以歷史上黃河淤積產(chǎn)生的河漫灘為主，其中地質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)上層主要為河流沖積物，下層包含大量粉質(zhì)黏土，氣候方面雨季長達(dá)5個月，雨季期間地下水水位會出現(xiàn)明顯波動。該農(nóng)村公路日常通行車輛主要為小型車輛，包含中型貨車、二輪摩托車和小型客車等，鮮有拖掛車、大客車等大型車輛通行。雖然通行車輛主要為中小型車輛，但車輛滿載率較高，載重較大，因而也對公路質(zhì)量產(chǎn)生了一定負(fù)面影響。

　　The area where the case project is located has a flat terrain, mainly consisting of river floodplains generated by historical Yellow River siltation. The geological structure is mainly composed of river alluvial deposits in the upper layer, and a large amount of silty clay in the lower layer. In terms of climate, the rainy season lasts for 5 months, during which the groundwater level will fluctuate significantly. The daily traffic on this rural road is mainly small vehicles, including medium-sized trucks, motorcycles, and small passenger cars, with few large vehicles such as trailers and buses passing through. Although the main vehicles on the road are small and medium-sized vehicles, their high load capacity and heavy load have a certain negative impact on the quality of the road.

　　2病害分析

　　2 Disease analysis

　　該農(nóng)村公路在工程的前期設(shè)計與建設(shè)階段，所采用的施工工藝較為陳舊，施工設(shè)備簡陋，且所使用的建筑材料存在一定的質(zhì)量缺陷，這導(dǎo)致了公路建成后的整體質(zhì)量水平較低。特別是在雨季，該工程頻繁出現(xiàn)路面層沉降現(xiàn)象，部分沉降路段的沉降值甚達(dá)到了45mm。相關(guān)管理部門對公路的病害進(jìn)行了分析，結(jié)果顯示，該工程的穩(wěn)定性已經(jīng)無法滿足現(xiàn)行工程規(guī)范的要求。進(jìn)一步研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，前期施工階段所制定的材料級配方案存在一定的不合理性。在公路投入運營后，由于車輛載重較大、滿載率較高，對路面施加了超出預(yù)期的荷載，導(dǎo)致公路在運營一年后便逐漸出現(xiàn)了車轍痕跡，其中車轍深處可達(dá)35mm左右。在車輛荷載、外界溫度、雨季降水等多種因素的共同作用下，瀝青路面的強(qiáng)度顯著降低，同時伴隨著彈性減弱等問題。部分路段已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了龜裂、反射裂縫等病害，在水分長期浸泡下，這些病害區(qū)域逐漸發(fā)展成為坑槽。通過鉆芯取樣發(fā)現(xiàn)，基層與面層之間的連接效果已經(jīng)顯著減弱，若不及時進(jìn)行處理，極易引發(fā)翻漿等問題。鑒于案例工程中公路的基層與面層均遭受了不同程度的損害，本研究考慮采用全深度就地冷再生技術(shù)對基層與面層進(jìn)行銑刨處理，通過將回收的廢料與穩(wěn)定劑等材料混合均勻并拌和，形成新的瀝青路面。

　　In the early design and construction stage of the rural road project, the construction technology used was relatively outdated, the construction equipment was simple, and the building materials used had certain quality defects, which resulted in a low overall quality level of the road after completion. Especially during the rainy season, the project frequently experiences pavement layer settlement, with the maximum settlement value of some settlement sections even reaching 45mm. Relevant management departments have analyzed the diseases of the highway, and the results show that the stability of the project can no longer meet the requirements of current engineering standards. Further research has found that the material grading scheme formulated during the early construction stage has certain irrationality. After the highway was put into operation, due to the large load capacity and high full load rate of vehicles, unexpected loads were applied to the road surface, resulting in the gradual appearance of ruts on the highway after one year of operation, with the deepest ruts reaching about 35mm. Under the combined action of various factors such as vehicle load, external temperature, and rainy season precipitation, the strength of asphalt pavement significantly decreases, accompanied by problems such as reduced elasticity. Some sections of the road have already developed cracks, reflection cracks, and other diseases. After being soaked in water for a long time, these disease areas have gradually developed into potholes. Through core sampling, it was found that the connection effect between the base layer and the surface layer has significantly weakened. If not treated in a timely manner, it is highly likely to cause problems such as slurry boiling. Given that the base and surface layers of the highway in the case project have suffered varying degrees of damage, this study considers using full depth in-situ cold recycling technology to mill and treat the base and surface layers. By mixing the recycled waste materials with stabilizers and other materials evenly and thoroughly, a new asphalt pavement is formed.

　　3就地冷再生施工

　　3. On site cold recycling construction

　　3.1就地冷再生工藝流程

　　3.1 On site cold regeneration process flow

　　，必須對既有路面進(jìn)行初步處理，確保其表面清潔；隨后執(zhí)行銑刨作業(yè)，破碎既有路面及其基層，將預(yù)先準(zhǔn)備的水泥和新集料動態(tài)連續(xù)地加入舊料中并進(jìn)行充分拌和，以制備再生混合料，攤鋪后對表面進(jìn)行整形處理，完成碾壓作業(yè)后即可成型；結(jié)合常規(guī)路面養(yǎng)護(hù)方法進(jìn)行養(yǎng)護(hù)。

　　Firstly, it is necessary to conduct preliminary treatment on the existing road surface to ensure its cleanliness; Subsequently, milling and planing operations are carried out to break down the existing road surface and its base layer. Pre prepared cement and new aggregates are dynamically and continuously added to the old material and thoroughly mixed to prepare a recycled mixture. After paving, the surface is shaped, and the compaction operation is completed to form the mixture; Finally, combine conventional road maintenance methods for maintenance.

　　3.2冷再生施工工藝應(yīng)用

　　3.2 Key application points of cold recycling construction technology

　　3.2.1施工準(zhǔn)備階段

　　3.2.1 Construction Preparation Stage

　　1）施工材料。結(jié)合工程需求計算新集料需求量并備齊，檢查施工現(xiàn)場電力供應(yīng)情況，避免弱電、電壓不穩(wěn)定等問題，提前規(guī)劃燃料使用、水資源使用情況。

　　1) Construction materials. Calculate the demand for new aggregates based on engineering requirements and prepare them in full. Check the power supply situation at the construction site to avoid problems such as weak electricity and unstable voltage. Plan the use of fuel and water resources in advance.

　　2）施工機(jī)械。結(jié)合后續(xù)施工需求配置相應(yīng)施工器械，依次檢查器械運行狀態(tài)，確保操作人員均持證上崗，不需檢查證件的則需核實操作熟練度。案例工程中需使用WR2500冷拌再生機(jī)一臺、功率為135kW的平地機(jī)一臺、載重15t的運輸卡車3輛，50t振動壓路機(jī)和1臺、20t光輪壓路機(jī)2臺、容量為6000L的灑水車3臺。

　　2) Construction machinery. Configure corresponding construction equipment according to the subsequent construction requirements, check the operation status of the equipment in sequence, and ensure that all operators are certified. If certification is not required, the proficiency of the operation needs to be verified. In the case project, one WR2500 cold mix recycling machine, one 135kW grader, three 15t transport trucks, one 50t vibratory roller, two 20t smooth wheel rollers, and three 6000L sprinkler trucks are required.

　　3）施工人員。根據(jù)施工方案配置相應(yīng)的施工人員，核查施工、監(jiān)察、設(shè)計等部門人員配置情況，盡量避免一人多責(zé)。

　　3) Construction personnel. According to the construction plan, allocate corresponding professional construction personnel, verify the personnel allocation of construction, supervision, design and other departments, and try to avoid one person being responsible for multiple tasks.

　　4）施工。提前對施工路段進(jìn)行交通疏導(dǎo)，圍護(hù)施工現(xiàn)場并設(shè)置醒目標(biāo)識。

　　4) Construction safety. Advance traffic diversion for the construction section, enclose the construction site and set up prominent signs.

　　3.2.2施工階段

　　3.2.2 Construction Phase

　　部分區(qū)域病害十分嚴(yán)重，已出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重坑槽、路肩下沉或路面翻漿問題，該類路段需開挖表面并在坑中填充與原有工程級配一致的集料，填充層與路面齊平為止。根據(jù)公路改造方案在原工程上方撒布水泥，依照相關(guān)規(guī)定內(nèi)容可知，此處水泥干密度值應(yīng)不得超過2.213g/cm3。為確保工程質(zhì)量，水泥劑量在要求的5.5%基礎(chǔ)上提高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)6%。灑布水泥后對路面進(jìn)行破碎、銑刨，過程中需通過灑水車持續(xù)在冷再生機(jī)器后灑水，確保終獲得的拌和料含水率能夠符合前期規(guī)劃的7.2%。冷再生攤鋪每進(jìn)行100m后需派遣工作人員對松鋪系數(shù)、橫坡、高程等進(jìn)行測量，不平整處需使用平地機(jī)進(jìn)行及時調(diào)整，而后運行壓路機(jī)進(jìn)行壓實，確保結(jié)構(gòu)壓實度能夠符合97%標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。碾壓已經(jīng)整形完成的再生層，再次檢查再生層含水率，確保該層能夠保持良好含水率，濕潤效果較好。再生層施工結(jié)束后封閉兩端交通并進(jìn)行7d灑水養(yǎng)護(hù)，如果施工期間天氣干燥炎熱則還需在再生層上方鋪設(shè)一層稻草或加蓋篷布，保障結(jié)構(gòu)濕度。處理完成后在再生層上方鋪設(shè)一層乳化瀝青粘層油，厚度應(yīng)不少于5mm，而后即可直接鋪設(shè)瀝青混凝土作為道路路面。

　　Some areas are severely affected by diseases, with serious potholes, sinking shoulders, or road surface overturning problems. For such road sections, the surface needs to be excavated and the pits filled with aggregates that are consistent with the original engineering grading until the filling layer is level with the road surface. According to the highway renovation plan, cement should be spread over the original project. According to relevant regulations, the maximum dry density of cement at this location should not exceed 2.213g/cm3. To ensure the quality of the project, the cement dosage has been increased from the required 5.5% to 6%. After spraying cement, the road surface needs to be crushed and milled. During the process, a sprinkler truck needs to be used to continuously sprinkle water after the cold recycling machine to ensure that the final moisture content of the mixed material can meet the planned 7.2%. After every 100m of cold recycling paving, staff should be dispatched to measure the loose paving coefficient, cross slope, elevation, etc. Any unevenness should be adjusted in a timely manner using a grader, and then the roller should be operated for compaction to ensure that the structural compaction degree meets the 97% standard. Roll the regenerated layer that has already been reshaped, and check the moisture content of the regenerated layer again to ensure that it can maintain good moisture content and achieve good wetting effect. After the completion of the regeneration layer construction, the traffic at both ends shall be closed and watered for 7 days for maintenance. If the weather is dry and hot during the construction period, a layer of straw or tarpaulin shall be laid above the regeneration layer to ensure the humidity of the structure. After processing, a layer of emulsified asphalt binder oil should be laid on top of the recycled layer, with a thickness of not less than 5mm, and then asphalt concrete can be directly laid as the road surface.

　　4施工質(zhì)量檢測

　　4. Construction quality inspection

　　4.1施工過程質(zhì)量檢測

　　4.1 Quality inspection during construction process

　　施工過程中需要檢測再生層壓實度和含水率水平以確保工程質(zhì)量，由案例工程施工質(zhì)量檢測結(jié)果可知，案例工程施工過程中冷再生混合料在壓實度、含水率等方面均能夠滿足相關(guān)規(guī)范要求。

　　During the construction process, it is necessary to check the compaction degree and moisture content level of the recycled layer to ensure the quality of the project. According to the construction quality inspection results of the case project, the cold recycled mixture can meet the relevant specifications in terms of compaction degree, moisture content, etc. during the construction process of the case project.

　　4.2完工質(zhì)量檢測

　　4.2 Completion quality inspection

　　為判斷該工藝應(yīng)用于公路修補(bǔ)施工中的應(yīng)用效果，對案例工程完工后質(zhì)量進(jìn)行檢查。取7d彎沉值和28d彎沉值、7d無側(cè)限抗壓強(qiáng)度為基準(zhǔn)判斷工程完工后質(zhì)量水平，由檢查結(jié)果可知，經(jīng)就地冷再生處理后，案例工程在7d、28d彎沉值和7d無側(cè)限抗壓強(qiáng)度方面能夠充分滿足工程規(guī)范要求，表明該技術(shù)的應(yīng)用有利于強(qiáng)化破碎公路工程路面強(qiáng)度，能夠有效提升公路運行質(zhì)量。

　　To evaluate the application effect of this technology in highway repair construction, the quality of the completed case project will be inspected. Based on the 7d deflection value, 28d deflection value, and 7d unconfined compressive strength, the quality level of the completed project can be judged. According to the inspection results, after on-site cold recycling treatment, the case project can fully meet the engineering specifications in terms of 7d, 28d deflection value, and 7d unconfined compressive strength, indicating that the application of this technology is conducive to strengthening the pavement strength of fractured highway engineering and effectively improving the quality of highway operation.

　　5結(jié)論

　　5 Conclusion

　　本研究基于某地區(qū)農(nóng)村公路工程的施工案例，深入探討了就地冷再生技術(shù)在農(nóng)村公路工程中的應(yīng)用，并得出以下結(jié)論：1）早期建設(shè)的農(nóng)村公路由于受到多種因素的影響，在服役一段時間后可能會出現(xiàn)病害問題。采用就地冷再生技術(shù)，可以在節(jié)約資源的前提下，有效改善道路的使用性能；2）通過質(zhì)量檢測，結(jié)果表明采用就地冷再生技術(shù)處理后的農(nóng)村公路質(zhì)量顯著提升，修復(fù)效果良好，顯示出良好的應(yīng)用價值。

　　This study is based on a construction case of a rural road project in a certain region, and deeply explores the application of in-situ cold recycling technology in rural road engineering. The following conclusions are drawn: 1) Early constructed rural roads may suffer from disease problems after a period of service due to various factors. By adopting on-site cold recycling technology, the performance of roads can be effectively improved while saving resources; 2) Through quality inspection, the results show that the quality of rural roads treated with on-site cold recycling technology has significantly improved, and the repair effect is good, demonstrating good application value.

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